The Science

Modern water filtration systems generally fall into two main categories: reverse osmosis (RO) and non-RO selective filtration. Reverse osmosis uses pressure to push water through an extremely fine membrane that separates water molecules from dissolved solids. This process can significantly reduce a wide spectrum of contaminants, including PFAS, fluoride, nitrates, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and total dissolved solids. While highly effective, RO also removes beneficial minerals and produces some wastewater as part of the purification process.
Non-RO selective filtration works differently. Instead of forcing water through an ultra-tight membrane, it relies on specialized filtration media such as activated carbon, catalytic carbon, and ion-exchange resins. These materials bind contaminants through adsorption and chemical interaction. This approach is designed to target specific chemicals like PFAS, lead, chloramines, pesticides and volatile organic compounds while preserving naturally occurring minerals and avoiding wastewater.
There is no single universally “better” method. The right choice depends on personal goals, taste preferences, home setup and philosophy around purity versus mineral content. People focused on longevity and wellness often choose RO when they want the most comprehensive contaminant reduction possible, while others prefer selective filtration that maintains mineral richness and simplicity of use.